Department
Counseling and Human Services
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Date of Award
11-2020
Format
Degree Level
Ph.D.
URI
https://search.proquest.com/pqdtlocal1005755/docview/2491093148/fulltextPDF/D6AA08F093904425PQ/1?accountid=7076
Proquest Document ID
2491093148
Identifier
ETD2020Jefferson
School/University
St. Mary's University
Copyright date
2020
Document Type
Dissertation
First Advisor
Melanie Harper
Abstract
The caregiver population has recently been recognized in society as a population highly susceptible to problems related to increased anxiety, burden, and abnormal psychological well-being. This experimental pretest post-test 2-group double-blind study was designed to measure the efficacy of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on anxiety and depressive symptoms of caregivers. Changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms were identified using pre- and posttest measures of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Caregivers were assigned a pre-coded CES device. Neither the researcher nor the caregiver knew whether a device was active or sham until the completion of the entire study. This experimental design used a repeated measure t-test for quantitative statistics. Following an analysis of the data, the researcher’s hypotheses that CES would help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression more significantly than a placebo were not supported. Both the treatment and control groups experienced decreased anxiety and depressive symptoms, but the treatment group’s decrease was not significantly greater than the control group’s decrease.
Recommended Citation
Jefferson, Reginald Gerard, "Examination of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms of Caregivers: A Double Blind Experimental Study" (2020). Dissertations. 48.
https://commons.stmarytx.edu/dissertations/48
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License